Gandhi The Great Soul - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2139 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Mahatma Gandhi Essay Did you like this example? Gandhi The Great soul Gandhi had a valuable impact on India as he got independence beginning with time in South Africa as a lawyer. The Salt March was the first Nonviolence Movement (Satyagraha) in India that he started in South Africa. The Nonviolence Movement in South Africa had a great impact on the Indians who are living in South Africa and the Quit India Movement to fight for independence in India. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gandhi: The Great Soul" essay for you Create order He was later troubled over the Two Nation Theory because Gandhi wanted India and Pakistan together and was upset when the separation occurred in 1947 after independence. Beginning with time in South Africa as a lawyer Gandhi was not a popular lawyer and throughout his journey in South Africa, he was successful and also witnessed some situations which made him think about them and find a solution. Gandhi’s first case in South Africa as a lawyer was when an Indian firm doing business in South Africa asked him to travel to Durban in order to settle a dispute and represent it in a civil suit against another Indian firm (Sofri 56-57). While he was going from Durban to Pretoria on the court case that he was handling and working on, he been thrown out of the train. Even though he had a first class ticket the train conductor asked him to move to third class because of his skin color and race. This was a firm event that Gandhi would remember. And his non-violence movement started from then (Sofri 56-57). There were close to 100,00 Indians in South Africa and almost every Indian is treated very badly like, they were ordered to work as slaves, and other low paid and hard working jobs. Gandhi saw how oppresses his countrymen were by the whites (Sofri 56-57). When Gandhi became Mahatma he created a lot of thoughts and ideas that would help many people. In South Africa, he lived there for over 20 years and elaborated many of the ideas that would lead him to become Mahatma. One major accomplishment that Gandhi did in South Africa is that he created a Nonviolence Movement which is a protest without violence against some laws that hold the Indians back. One example of where the laws holding Indians back is the Balck Act It helped many Indians who were living in South Africa (Sofri 56-57). Many of Gandhis followers in South Africa followed him to an ashram which is a place of self-sufficient community where they practiced the ideals of satyagraha and hoped to inspire the outside world to embrace nonviolence. Later, Gandhi was very popular in South Africa due to his Nonviolence Movement (Stockdale). The black act was also one of the reasons Gandhi started satyagraha. The black act required Indians in South Africa to be fingerprinted and to carr y registration documents with them all times (Vander 41-42). It also declared Indian marriages invalid (Vander 41-42). Gandhi created satyagraha to get the laws out of the Indians way so that they can live freely. After some time it paid off as Indians got freedom in South Africa and were able to do many things like voting and other things that all people do (Vander 41-42). Salt March was the beginning of Gandhi’s Nonviolence Movement in India. Salt March was Gandhis most famous non-violence act which began on March 12, 1930. He led his 240-mile anti-salt tax march south from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi beach (Wolpert Gandhi, Mahatma M. K). Many people followed him including his followers, Sarojini Naidu and many other great personalities who want to make India better and get independence (Wolpert Gandhi, Mahatma M. K). British imposed hard taxes on basic necessities. During Britishers rule in India, they imposed harsh taxes on basic necessities like salt and other products ( Vander 7-9). Salt is a basic necessity of life and if there are harsh taxes on basic goods like salt, poor people cannot afford to buy it and will have to starve to death ( Vander 7-9). Gandhi criticized the government for taking ( imposing harsh taxes) an important product that nature provided in abundance ( Vander 7-9). On April 6, 1930, Gandhi was in a small village called Dandi and took a mixture of salt and mud and lifted above his head. Many other followers shouted and cheered, hoping for a better future by this movement ( Vander 7-9). Gandhi and other people did this march so as to take an action on tax resistance. Gandhi and his followers c onducted this protest in a nonviolent way against the British salt monopoly (Vander 7-9). Many people who participated in this movement have been arrested and put in jail. Gandhi welcomed people who have been arrested and spun cotton while in jail (Wolpert â€Å" Gandhi, Mahatma M.K†). This movement was great as it gained worldwide attention and gave Indians energy about participating in any activity that would get their Independence (Wolpert â€Å" Gandhi, Mahatma M.K†). The Nonviolence Movement made Indian people get Courage and hope during the British rule. Nonviolence is Gandhi’s preferred way of doing something or anything. Gandhi insisted that truth and love are very important and he said that they will move the world that means anyone can do anything with those characteristics (Wolpert Gandhi, Mahatma M. K). Gandhi prayed Rama. He used most ancient yogic weapons instead of physical weapons to control before launching any revolutionary movement. In this case, he did a lot of fasting before he started some movements which went very viral across India (Wolpert Gandhi, Mahatma M. K). He did not hate enemies and taught his followers to love instead of harming someone who has a grudge on (Wolpert Gandhi, Mahatma M. K). Gandhis concept of nonviolence was a moral belief. His concept of non-violence rebuked not only killing but hurting, harming or inflicting suffering on any living being (Sofri 167-169). Gandhi intended to modify the world, but not to accept it (Sofri 167-169). Gandhi intended to oppose evil actively in order to defeat it. He intended to combat injustice. He did not deny conflict, but only the use of violence to resolve it (Sofri 167-169). Gandhi believed that violence never leads to a lasting or stable solution to the conflict. Gandhi led his struggles with incredible loyalty. He never adopted a strategy of surprise (Sofri 167-169). Gandhi said Satyagraha is not predominantly civil disobedience, but a quiet and irresistible pursuit of truth ( qtd. In Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi). Gandhi developed the concept of satyagraha (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi). He started satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) in South Africa. Gandhi urged all Indians in South Africa to defy a law requiring registration and fingerprinting of all Indians (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi). This quote is saying that satyagraha is a nonviolent act which holds onto its truth and proceed without any harm to others (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi). Albert Einstein said,Generations to come will scarcely believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth. He also said will scarcely believe (qtd. in Gandhi). Einstein had in mind Gandhis distinctive capacity for nonviolent resistance (Gandhi). Quit India movement was a movement started by Gandhi. Its motto is to send British out of India and get Freedom in India. Gandhi didnt accept British demands of supporting Britain its allies in WWII (Wolpert â€Å"Gandhi, Mahatma M.K†). He insisted that all mass violence is evil and was against just war concept (Wolpert â€Å"Gandhi, Mahatma M.K†). He started his Satyagraha movement after the WWII started by sending his disciple Vinoba Bhave to break British martial law (Wolpert â€Å"Gandhi, Mahatma M.K†). Gandhi demands the British to leave India(Vander 76-77). On August 8, 1942, Gandhi demanded that the British leave India (Vander 76-77). He told people to carry out nonviolence civil disobed ience in what came to be called the Quit India movement (Vander 76-77). When they are participating in the Quit India Movement campaigns and other programs many people like Gandhi, Naidu, Kasturbai were arrested (Vander 76-77). In retaliation, large-scale violence broke out all over India. People burned government officials, exploded bombs, cut off electricity (Vander 76-77). They vandalized railroad stations, telegraph offices, and anything else related to British rule (Vander 76-77).   British officials were attacked and some were killed. Gandhi, from his jail, began writing letters to British office, demanding rights for the Indian people (Vander 76-77). Gandhi went to Bombay to lead the Congress working committee in one final mass Satyagraha to end the British Raj who have been waiting to arrest Gandhi (Wolpert Gandhi, Mahatma M. K). He resolved to demand that every British soldier and civilian must immediately leave by using the quote Quit India (Wolpert Gandhi, Mahatma M. K). Two Nation Theory states that Pakistan should be a separate country to that of India. Just months before Indias independence, carnage in scale broke out against Hindus in Muslim-dominated Eastern Bengal and against Muslims in Hindu-majority Bihar (Gandhi). Gandhi never accepted the Two Nations theory, which stated that a sanctuary for the subcontinents Muslims in a future Pakistan and a natural home for its Hindus in India (Gandhi). Gandhi always wanted India and Pakistan to be like br others but the British came and destroyed Gandhi dream by separating India and Pakistan (Gandhi). On Aug. 15, 1947, as India won its freedom Gandhi didnt celebrate the independence instead he was in Calcutta, where sectarian riots between India and Pakistan had disfigured life, even as bloody carnage had left hundreds of Hindus dead in Eastern Bengal and Muslims, likewise, in Bihar (Gandhi). On Jan 30, 1948, a Hindu Brahmin who believed Gandhi had betrayed Hindus and supported Muslim killed Gandhi with three bullets fired at point blank. Everybody hopes, that Gandhi was there to support them in all aspects, has vanished and were very sad (Gandhi). Gandhi didnt show hatred or write a harsh word. But with his toughest resistance which is called satyagraha, he managed to tackle the situation. Many great leaders like Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela found this capacity in Gandhi compelling, exemplary and even sublime (Gandhi). Gandhi said, I am not going to leave Benga l until the last embers of trouble are stamped out†(qtd. inMohandas Karamchand Gandhi). When Gandhi came from the prison due to the Quit India movement he sought to avert the creation of a separate Muslim state of Pakistan that Muhammad Ali Jinnah was demanding (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi). Gandhi suggested that Jinnah is offered the post of prime minister or defense minister. Jinnah refused and instead declared a direct action day on August 16 (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi). On August 16, many innocent people died and several were wounded in Calcutta (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi). Then he went to Bengal and said this quote. He warned that he would fast to death. Then he went to Noakhali, a Muslim city in Bengal and said: Do or Die.He said either Hindus and Muslims would learn to live together, or he would die in the attempt. After this, the situation calmed down for some time but rioting started in elsewhere (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi). Gandhi’s thoughts after independence were downcast as he didnt achieve what he wanted. Gandhis dream of Indias independence came true on August 15, 1947 (Vander 79-80). But he had never wanted religion to divide the people which in this case are the Hindus and Muslims (Vander 79-80). Pakistan and India are divided into two countries on June 3, 1947, and was announced by viceroy Lord Louis Mountbatten (Vander 79-80). Subhash Chandra Bose was attracted to the ideals of socialism and communism while he had lived in western Europe for several years in early 1930 (Wolpert â€Å"Bose, Subhash Chandra†). He later preferred fascism and Nazism which he thought he could humanize with an admixture of Indian philosophy, then introduce to India as a potent form of national Indian socialism. Gandhi is simple and preached non-violence while Bose was attracted to all evil governments systems and influenced many people (Wolpert â€Å"Bose, Subhash Chandra†). Bose didnt join Gandhis revolutionary opposition to British rule and he found Gandhi as too nebulous about the goals of his movement, and too worried about avoiding all violence in the national protest. So Bose thought Violence is the only way to end British rule and started to go against Gandhi in many ways (Wolpert). By looking at the thesis statements and looking at what Gandhi did, one would say that Gandhi did way better than Subhash Chandra Bose as Gandhi preached non-violence while Subhash Chandra Bose thought violence is the only way to end British rule. Technically thinking Nonviolence is better as no one would get hurt and things can go smoothly without any harm to anybody. And Bose was also towards Nazism and communism which are some violent type of governments. So Gandhi is way better than Bose as he preached non-violence and did all things smoothly and clearly without any type of harm or mess to anybody.

Essay about Maternity Leave in Australia - 524 Words

Maternity Leave in Australia Maternity leave allows women to take leave of absence from their job to give birth and care for their children. The International Labor Organisation sets minimum standards for maternity leave. These include a right to 12 weeks paid maternity leave and prohibition against dismissal during maternity leave. Although a member of the ILO, Australia has never ratified its convention concerning maternity protection ---- we have no standard maternity leave provisions. Australian law entitles women to 12 months unpaid leave and for more than 25 years the Commonwealth Employees Act has entitled Commonwealth employees to paid maternity leave. About two-thirds of women in the†¦show more content†¦Of industrialised nations, it is the Scandinavian countries that set the pace. In Norway, for example, women are entitled to a years maternity leave on full pay, two years unpaid leave and the right to part-time employment while their children are young. Supporters of more comprehensive paid maternity leave say motherhood means a substantial loss of earnings, demotion and insecurity in the workplace for many women. Providing financial and job security for women as well as helping businesses retain skilled employees makes good financial sense. They point out that it is only a privileged few who receive paid leave, and these are usually women on higher incomes. There are also those who point to paid maternity leave as a way of dealing with concerns about the ageing of the Australian population and declining birth rate. Demographer Professor Peter McDonald claims that Australia cannot afford to continue with its system of unpaid leave if it wants to encourage the birth rate, which is presently below replacement levels. Striking a balance between affordable policies and meeting the needs of families is challenging. Many agree that it is unfair for business alone to be expected to shoulder the burden of paid leave. 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Critical Discussions Faculty of Tourism and Hotels

Question: Discuss about theCritical Discussions for Faculty of Tourism and Hotels. Answer: Anybody can do Housekeeping; it is not a Skilled Profession Housekeeping can be considered as an art managing the duties and responsibilities of a house like cleaning, purchasing the required goods, maintaining hygiene premises, laundering, payment of monthly bills etc. The housekeeping activity has given priority in the house of the individual, in the organizations, in hotels etc. This activity cannot be performed by anyone while at house or at the hotel premises. According to the guidelines of marik, the housekeeping can be considered as a profession which all individuals should get expertise. He suggest that the employees in the industries like the hospitality, hotels, clinics, restaurants, etc should practice housekeeping well so as to maintain a hygienic premises and so to attract customers (Marik, 2015). From the article of Tyagi and Zagade it is evident that the housekeeping is a profession which requires skills and not everyone can perform excellent housekeeping. In their article it specifies that the hotels and organizations have sta rted outsourcing the housekeeping activities so that they can maintain their premises clean and attractive (Tyagi and Zagade). Every individual in a home or an employee may not have the patience to keep the home or office clean and to manage it properly. For performing the housekeeping effectively one requires patience, proactive thinking should be energetic, should possess the talent to maintain records of purchase and payment details etc. These abilities are not seen in everyone any those who lacks it will miss out something which can put the others also in trouble (Jafarey and Maiti, 2015). In travel and tourism sectors the management provides additional training and development to their employees for housekeeping (Aziz, 2016). Hence it can be justified that housekeeping is considered as professional skill. A Concierge Should always Suggest the hotels own Services Before Suggesting Outside Entities While the job responsibility of a concierge is taken into consideration his primary role is to assist the customers of the hotel with the reservations for restaurants, tours etc. Since concierge is an employee of a hotel who is supposed to perform the above mentioned responsibilities, he is expected to mention the services provided by the hotel initially rather than informing the customers about the services provided by the competitors. Being ethical and responsible towards the hotel where he is working obviously he should refer to the services provided by the hotels so as to gain profit for the organization (Sharma, 2016). According to Mouradian, concierge service is considered as one of the most innovative services provided by the luxury hotels worldwide. This service is particularly intended to provide personalized service to the customers so as to enhance the customer satisfactory level. Through the provision of this service the management ensures that the customers are provided with relevant information regarding the service and assistance (Mouradian, 2015). Hence it becomes the responsibility of a concierge to suggest about the services provided by the hotel itself on demand rather than insisting the other competitors. From this discussions it can be strongly justified that a concierge should work for the benefit for the organization and should perform the duty assigned to him appropriately. Any action opposite to this can be considered as unethical and immoral towards the organization (Menoux, 2016). He or she can suggest outside entities if it is not provided by the hotels. Finally it is the customers who decide which service should be opted. A Hotel can Outsource its Reservations Department. Having a web page which includes a reservation system is an asset for a hotel. This brings competitive advantage and many other benefits for the organization. Now when considering a reservation system for a hotel it has to be effective so as to obtain the desired output (Claver, 2012). If a hotel management decides to develop a reservation system which is attractive, user friendly, fast, efficient etc it requires more investment in terms of money and timer. Hence outsourcing the reservation system can be considered as an effective alternative. Mr. Kimes in his journal has specified that through outsourcing the business processes like the reservation systems the hotels can improve their business performances (Kimes, 2016). Through outsourcing the hotels can get a reservation system which is more professional and effective. Through this outsourcing business strategy the hotels can save time and money investments which in turn can bring them more benefits. The up gradation of the reserv ation systems, advertisements regarding the new services, etc can also be done periodically without any new investments. Once this service this outsourced it becomes their responsibility to maintain and upgrade the system periodically (Islam, 2016). Hence it can be clearly justified that outsourcing the reservation department of hotel is an effective business strategy which can attain competitive advantage, customer attraction, customer satisfaction etc. Maintaining the reservation systems by themselves will require the hotel management to recruit IT professionals to develop, maintain and upgrade the system which can enhance the cost of production of the hotels (Assimakopoulos, 2015). Automated Reception Machines Cannot Replace a Majority of Reception Staff Automated reception machines are the new innovation in the hotel industry which can replace the staff members and can work continuously without any interruptions. This innovation can change the reputation of the hotels in a positive manner (Yun et al, 2016). The customers can be perceived that the hotel or the organization which utilized this technology is very high tech. The customers would certainly like this type of innovation and can also grab the attention of the customers easily. But these machines cannot replace a majority of the reception staffs. The customers would definitely prefer to speak to the reception staffs rather than machines (Bechet et al, 2015). These automated machines can be utilized for welcoming the guests, providing the general information regarding the services, layout information etc. For such basic services the automated machines are an effective tool which can also reduce the wait time of the customers for the staff members. But for handling the other re quirements of the customers like attending the telephones call, for taking orders, for the allocation of the rooms etc the individual staff members are essential. In order to please and make the customers satisfied reception staff members are certainly required (Gidumal and Gonzlez, 2015). The customers always prefer hospitality which can be delivered only by humans not the machines. Hence the automated machines can be kept as the tool so as to attract the customers and to reduce the work burden of the receptionist. But it cannot be replaced with majority of the staffs in the reception. By replacing the machines with the staff members can certainly reduce the customer satisfactory level (Ruhala, 2015). There may be customers who are not so highly savvy and can struggle with the automated machines is order to get a service. Hence the argument against the statement can be justified. It is Essential for Hotel General Managers to Work for a Period of their Careers as Night Auditors. When the general managers of the hotels are taken into consideration they should possess good experience and knowledge so as to manage the business operations of the hotel. The general managers gather their experience in the relevant field strating their careers as the executives. There is no general manager who is a manager from the beginning (Aissa and Goaied, 2016). His experience from the smaller job profiles makes him aware about each and every operations of the hotel sector. This enables him to manage his employees and coordinate their work towards the organizational goal. But this decision doesnt argue that the general manager should have worked as a night auditor whiles his career development stages (Reilly, 2015). If he had worked or gone through this work profile it would an added advantage and would have an awareness regarding that. There is no compulsion that the general manager should have an experience as a night auditor. A general manager should possess relevant educat ional qualification, experience more than 8 years in a leadership position, good interpersonal and interactive skills, employability skills etc. These all abilities will qualify an individual as a general manager. Hence it is justified that a general manager need not be essentially be a night auditor (Storey, 2016). References Aissa, S.B. and Goaied, M., 2016, Determinants of Tunisian hotel profitability: The role of managerial efficiency. Tourism Management, 52, pp.478-487 Aziz, W., 2016. Evaluation of the Performance of Guest Room Attendants of Housekeeping Department (Application to Cairo Three Star Hotels), Journal of Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, 7(2) Assimakopoulos, C., Papaioannou, E., Sarmaniotis, C. and Georgiadis, C.K., 2015. Online reviews as a feedback mechanism for hotel CRM systems, Anatolia, 26(1), pp.5-20 Bechet, P., Scortar, R.M., Todorov, T., Boneva, B. and Miclaus, S., 2015. Design and testing of an automated receiving system for the ionospheric sounding in HF radiofrequency range. Acta Technica Napocensis, 56(3), p.15. Bulchand-Gidumal, J. and Melin-Gonzlez, S., 2015, Information Technology (IT) in Hotels: A Full Catalogue. Available at SSRN 2771059 Claver, E., Gonzlez, R., Gasc, J. and Llopis, J., 2012. Information systems outsourcing: reasons, reservations and success factors. Logistics Information Management, 15(4), pp.294-308. Islam, M.B., 2016. Process improvement in hotel business Jafarey, S. and Maiti, D., 2015. Glass slippers and glass ceilings: An analysis of marital anticipation and female education. Journal of Development Economics, 115, pp.45-61. Kimes, S.E., 2016. The evolution of hotel revenue management, Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 15(3-4), pp.247-251 Marik, P.E., 2015. House Officers Guidelines 1: Housekeeping. In Evidence-Based Critical Care (pp. 23-28). Springer International Publishing Mouradian, C., 2015. The Art of Welcome: what are the innovative practices that would enhance the guests experience in Luxury Hotels?. Menoux, T., 2016, July. The Professional Association of Luxury Hotels Concierges. High-Quality Service Professionals Collectively and Globally Organize for Action on a Symbolic Level. In Third ISA Forum of Sociology (July 10-14, 2016). Isaconf. O'Reilly, C., 2015. Identifying management competencies of hotel owner-managers general managers in the Republic of Ireland (Doctoral dissertation, Nottingham Trent University). Ruhala, L., 2015. Increasing Sales in a Hotel Lobby Shop. Storey, J. ed., 2016. Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge. Sharma, D., 2016. Enhancing customer experience using technological innovations: a study of the Indian hotel industry. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 8(4). Tyagi, H. and Zagade, S., 2015. Outsourcing: A study on Benefits to Housekeeping Department in Hotels. Yun, S.G., Shin, J.W., Park, E.S., Bang, H.I. and Kang, J.G., 2016. Efficiency of an Automated Reception and Turnaround Time Management System for the Phlebotomy Room. Annals of laboratory medicine, 36(1), pp.49-54.

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essays (987 words) - Randle McMurphy

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest We, being members of society do not have the authority to judge whether people are sane or insane. Some may say that others are insane but we are all a little bit crazy. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, a novel written by Ken Kesey deals with these topics and is a well-written piece of literature that will be enjoyed by generations to come. It will become a timeless classic simply because of the great combination of the setting and the characters and how they both support the themes found throughout the story. The setting of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a backdrop which makes it easy to see the wickedness of the world and people in general. The hospital, Dr. Spivey says, "is a little world inside that is a made-to-scale prototype of the big world outside." Most of the action in the novel takes place in a world that is indeed limited and specific. It is but one ward of one hospital in Oregon. The world of the Cuckoo's Nest is in many ways a cartoon world that is filled with colorful characters and laughs, in which good and evil are clearly defined. Far from being a place of healing, the hospital is a place of fear where patients do not laugh and fear the consequences of anything they speak of. The setting of this novel allows the characters to develop freely and they are even a little off the wall which is a good attribute that will be admired by future readers. McMurphy teaches the rest of the patients how to be sane. Above all, this sanity consists of the ability to laugh, to laugh both at your self and at the world that is often ludicrous and cruel. Chief Bromden says, " He knows you have to laugh at the things that hurt you just to keep yourself in balance, just to keep the world from running you plumb crazy." As McMurphy is strapped to the treatment table (shape of a cross), a parallel is drawn between him and Christ, both sacrificed themselves for the good of others. His sole reason for living has been the other patients' need for him. His example has given the patients enough courage to brave the outside world, but he returns from a lobotomy a ruined man. One of the most important clues to the character of Nurse Ratched is that her name rhymes with ratchet, which is a piece of machinery. Nurse Ratched (whose name also carries the echoes of rat and wretched), has transformed herself from a human being into a machine that demands complete control and order of everyone. The Chief describes the nurse as, a mechanism of terror, able to control the hospital with her "beams of hate", which shows the Nurse as the embodiment of pure evil. She represents forces that influence us all. The Nurse and her new patient (McMurphy) are in every way opposed to each other; she demands control, while he seeks freedom. She is the voice of common sense but McMurphy never lets rules or common sense stand in the way of good fun. This ongoing conflict symbolizes the struggle between good and evil. Our guide to the world of the Cuckoo's Nest is the towering Chief Bromden. The Chief's seemingly random and irrational hallucinations, confusing at first, gain clarity when we see they are carefully organized to give us an understanding of the hospital we would never receive from a traditional narrator. He has convinced everyone around him that he is deaf and dumb, he tries to flee reality by thinking back to his happy childhood but in moments of great stress, a dense fog engulfs him. He sees his father"shrink" in his mind, the diminishing is a literal and physical one, from a proud Indian Chief to a man stripped of his name. The Chief has always possessed his own reserves of courage; it just took McMurphy to remind him that he did. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is as much the Chief's story as it is McMurphy's and it is only because of his final victory that we are able to hear the story of the Cuckoo's Nest at all. The hidden meanings and representations of characters is definitely one of the reasons why this is such a great book. Ken Kesey displays many themes in, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, to help the reader gain

The Lose of a Child †The Unthinkable

The Lose of a Child – The Unthinkable Free Online Research Papers It is the unthinkable, every parent prays that it never happens to them; But the truth is that it can happen to anyone in a blink of an eye. The lose of a child, which could be a lot of different things, as in death, lost, or kidnapped. In any of these instances your heart breaks for the parent whether it is you, someone you know, or even a stranger. When something happens or goes wrong with a child you the parent are not the only ones affected. The other children in the house hold, other siblings, classmates, friends of the child, grandparents, other family members, and the community. In my thesis I will go over how each of these possibilities and how it affects everyone involved and what you can do to help yourself. When a child is lost at the store, in the woods, or even at a theme park. Being the parent, panic is the first thing that sets in your heart races, your hands sweat and you try to keep the worst possible thoughts out of your head. You run around calling for your lost child hoping and praying for the best. As a on looker, a stranger, you ask if you can help search for this child, Secretly thankful that it is not your own, while griping your own child’s hand not letting them go. You look every where bathrooms, stores, cafes, and even security desk, hopefully with luck you will find your child quickly. When a child is lost, the child is scared and does not know what to do. It is very stressful on a child all they can see are people they do not know. After all we teach our kids not to talk to strangers at a young age. So what are they to do? Hopefully a good Samaritan will take the your lost child to the security desk or help them find you. A lot of times that is not the way thi ngs go, most people now a days will stand their looking at the child screaming for mommy or daddy It is sad. Most people need to put their selves in your shoes, if that was my child what would I want someone to do. What to do if something like this happens and you lose your child in a crowded place. First, you should stay calm, get a resent picture of your child out and go to the security desk and ask for help. Second, calmly walk the grounds and look for your child. Third, ask and show people that walk by you if they have seen you child. The important thing is to find your child quickly. One of the two worst things that can happen to a child is being kidnapped. Over the years here in Texas there have been several children who have been kidnapped by strangers, or family members. It doesn’t really make a difference if you know the person who took your child your or not knowing what kind of person took your child just makes the stress of the situation worse. I remember one little girl a year or so ago that was kidnapped. This little girl was five years old, and her mom and dad believed that her uncle had taken her. They called the police and had a nation wide man hunt and amber alert for this little girl and her supposed kidnapper. After months of the searching the cops finally found his vehicle, inside they found the man suspected of kidnapping this little girl dead. This man killed himself, why, who knows but there was no sign at all of the missing girl. Nothing in this mans car or in the area around where they found his body. What happened to this little girl? Where is she they never found her? Now if this was your child how would you feel right now? You would be consumed by fear, grief, and what if’s. A parent who has lost a child to not knowing as I call it. Have a harder time dealing with it. They have many emotions such as anger, sorrow, fear, and confusion. The sad thing about today’s society is a lot of men, women and yes even some young adults are pedophiles. So they first thing that comes to your mind in this instance is Oh My God what if !!! You cry and pray that the awful thoughts going through your head are not what’s happing to your baby. Something like this just doesn’t affect the parents they other children in the household become fearful. They start to worry and look over their shoulders hoping they are not next. They cry and miss their brother or sister, wonting them to come back. The grandparents and other family members are affect as well, they try to protect the other kids and help the parents the best they can. The other family members are a wreck as well worrying and fearing the unknown. The community is deeply affected, The fact of knowing that someone in your community could possibly take or hurt a child is down right scary. Parents in the community as well as teachers and the children themselves become very aware of their surroundings and the people in it. What do you do if this happens to you? You call 911 and get help at the soonest possible second because in kidnapping cases the firs t 24 hours a critical in finding the missing child. To me the worst possible thing that could happen to my child is death. When you lose a child your world comes crashing down around you. There is this sinking filling in you, this huge hole in your heart, soul and life. When something this awful happens it doesn’t just affect the parent or parents it dramatically affects the other children, grandparents, aunts uncles and the whole community. People say that if a child is sick for a long time with a painful debilitating disease that it wont be as bad on the family they are wrong. Yes that child is not suffering anymore but the parents have still lost a part of them and their life it is still very devastating, but when a healthy child dies suddenly I can see how people might find that harder. For instance, Montana Lane Fisher, 15 months old, He was so full of life. He passed away January 31, 2009, reasons still unknown, His death was ruled natural causes He passed away one night in his sleep. For the parent even though ther e is another child still there and living, life seemed to end that day not just for him but for her to. She lost a piece of herself that she will never get back. I think that every parent God help them in this situation feels that way, not meaning to hurt the other children that they may have but it is a difficult situation to be in. Most parents that lose a child together will end up divorced a lot of times because they blame them selves and each other, or just have a hard time holding on to that love. I have watched Momo’s mom and sister over the last year and tried my best to help. There is so much pain and not understanding especially in his sister, she is 7 now, she does not understand all she knows is that God called Momo home to heaven because he needed a special angel at his side. She still cries out for Momo at night and most days. Her mom cant help her because she cant even help herself right now. Something this devastating really affects the whole family. I ha ve watch Montana’s Papa and grandma too for the last year, and seeing a man cry for his grandson that has not cried but maybe 5 times his whole life. Watching the pain in his eyes while he watches his daughter die inside more and more each day, the grandma has become mean and vindictive towards Momo’s mom because she blames her for his death. My boys for instance there isn’t a day that goes by that they don’t say momma when is Montana coming back? It breaks my heart because I have to tell them they will see him again one day but only in heaven Its like they have relive his death all over again. What can you do to get through something this awful? Talk to someone, get out your anger through words to a good friend or a dr. and not by hurting someone. Go to God for guidance he will never lead you wrong. Talk to your spouse and children and talk about his or her life, the cute and funny things that he or she did. Just remember that your family and God love you so hold you head up high and live your life in their memory, because giving up is not what they would want you to do. Almost 900,000 children a year go missing, that’s over 2,200 a day. It ranges from runaways to kidnappings. All the research that have done tells me as parents we need to teach our children about the bad in the world, teach them what to do if they are in this situation, teach them to protect themselves. As far as the child death rate it is high everywhere in the us and in other countries. a lot of child die from abuse or neglect but even more from illness and disease. In conclusion, just because we pray it wont happen doesn’t mean that it wont. The unthinkable, It happens everyday to millions of families and children all across the USA and the world. We have to teach our children to protect themselves and be more cautious and as to there heath just because it looks like a cold doesn’t mean that it is. A dr. visit is expensive but a funeral cost you a lot more, and I don’t mean just money wise, it can cost you your family, life, career and most important your child. The reason I chose this topic is mainly to educate so that you and your family don’t have to go through what millions of families are going through right now as you are reading this. The unthinkable can happen to you, your child could get lost, kidnapped, and God forbid the worst die. Any of these things can drive a person crazy and cause all kinds of different emotions and effect everyone. So take care of your family and remember to educate yourselves and your children. Research Papers on The Lose of a Child - The UnthinkablePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringThe Hockey Game

The Basic Guide to Integers on SAT Math

The Basic Guide to Integers on SAT Math SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many SAT math questions involve the use of integers, especially in the early and middle ranges of each math section. This means that integers are a foundational element to SAT math and you should have a solid understanding of what integers are and how they work if you want to do well on the SAT math section. This guide will cover the basics of integers- what they are, how they relate to one another, and how you’ll see them on the test. For the more advanced integer concepts (including prime numbers, absolute values, exponents, and roots), check out our advanced guide to SAT integers. What is an Integer? An integer is a whole number. This means an integer is any number that is NOT expressed via a decimal or a fraction. Integers include all negative whole numbers, all positive whole numbers, and zero. Examples of Integers: -55, -2, 0, 14, 10,699 NOT integers: $Ï€$, $2/3$, 0.787 Think of integers as something you cannot split. For example, you cannot have half a marble in a box (unless you are either very strong or very careless). Positive and Negative Integers A number line is used to demonstrate how numbers relate to each other and to zero. All numbers to the right of zero are positive numbers. All numbers to the left of zero are negative numbers. Positive numbers get larger the farther they are from zero For example, 154 is larger than 12 because 154 is farther away from zero along the number line in a positive direction (to the right). Negative numbers get smaller the farther away they are from zero For example, -154 is smaller than -12 because -154 is a farther away from zero along the number line in a negative direction (to the left). A positive number is always larger than any negative number. For example, 1 is larger than -1,109. Typical Integer Questions on SAT Math Most SAT integer questions are a combination of word problem and equation problem. The test makers will tell you that the problem involves integers by explicitly using the word "integer" in the passage. You will then be asked to solve a given equation or identify whether or not certain equations are true. You must know that an integer means a whole number (and that integers include negative numbers and zero) to solve these problems. We will go through the rules of how integers behave with one another in order to make sense of these kinds of questions. Sometimes you’ll have to answer more abstract questions about how integers relate to one another when you add, subtract, multiply and divide them. You do not need to find a numerical answer for these types of questions, but you must instead identify whether certain equations will be even or odd, positive or negative. If $a$ is an odd integer and $b$ is an even integer, which of the following is an odd integer? A) $3b$B) $a+3$C) $2(a+b)$D) $a+2b$E) $2a+b$ There are two ways to go about solving these kinds of questions- you can either memorize how integers interact, or you can plug in your own sample numbers. For example, in the charts below, you'll see that: $\a\positive\number * \a\positive\number$ will always result in a positive number. If you forget this rule, you can always try it by saying $2 * 3 = 6$. Because you can always find these results by plugging in your own numbers, these rules are categorized as "good to know," not "necessary to know." negative * negative = positive $-2 * -3 = 6$ positive * positive = positive $2 * 3 = 6$ negative * positive = negative $-2 * 3 = -6$ Another way to think of this is, "When multiplying numbers, the result is always positive unless you’re multiplying a positive number and a negative number." odd * odd = odd $3 * 5 = 15$ even * even = even $2 * 4 = 8$ odd * even = even $3 * 4 = 12$ Another way to think of this is, "When multiplying numbers, the result is always even unless multiplying an odd number and an odd number." odd +/- odd = even $5 + 7 = 12$ even +/- even = even $10 - 6 = 4$ odd +/- even = odd $5 + 6 = 11$ Another way to think of this is, "When adding or subtracting numbers, the result is always even unless adding or subtracting an odd number and an even number." By understanding these rules (and/or by testing them out using your own numbers), you will be able to answer more complicated theoretical questions. Why is six afraid of seven? Because 7, 8, 9! Hardy-har-har. If we revisit the question above, knowing what we do now about number relationships, we can go through our answer choices to find the correct answer: If $a$ is an odd integer and $b$ is an even integer, which of the following is an odd integer? A) $3b$B) $a+3$C) $2(a+b)$D) $a+2b$E) $2a+b$ Choice A is incorrect, because $b$is an even integer. And we know that an even number * an odd number = an even number. Choice B is incorrect because $a$is an odd integer. And we know that an odd number + an odd number = an even number. Choice C is incorrect because $a$is an odd integer and $b$is an even integer. An even number + an odd number = an odd number. And an odd number * an even number (in this case 2) = an even number. Choice D is correct. Twice $b$ will be even, because an even number * an even number = an even number. And the final result will be odd because an odd number ($a$) + an even number ($2b$) = an odd number. Choice E is incorrect. Twice an odd number ($a$) will be an even number, because an even number * an odd number = an even number. And an even number + an even number = an even number. So your final answer is D, $a + 2b$. You can see how you could also solve this by double-checking these rules by using your own numbers. If you assign an odd number to $a$ and an even number to $b$, you can test out each option in about the same amount of time it would take you to go through your rules like this. So for this question, you could have said $a$ was 3 and $b$ was 4. Then option D would have looked like this: $3 + 2(4) = 11$ Again, because you can figure out these kinds of questions using real numbers, these rules are classified as "good to know," not "necessary to know." So let's look at how to put all the clues together to solve integer questions. Steps to Solving an SAT Math Integer Problem #1: Identify if the problem is, in fact, an integer problem. The SAT will always explicitly use the word "integer" to let you know if your answer must be in integers or if you can only use integers while solving the problem. For any problem that doesn’t specify that the variables (or the solution) are "integers," your answer or example numbers can be in decimals or fractions. Because the problem specifically uses the word "integer," we know we must only work with whole numbers. #2: If the problem asks you to identify equations that are always true, test out multiple different kinds of integers. If the question asks you to identify whether certain equations or inequalities are true for ALL integers, the equation must work equally with 10 as with 0 and -5. A good rule of thumb is to try -1, 0, and 1 with variable questions like these. These numbers often have special properties that make or break conditions. I'll explain what that means with a practice example. If $x$is an integer, which of the following equations MUST be true? I. $x^3 ≠¥ (-x)^3$ II. $x^3/x ≠¥ x^2/x$ III. $x(x + 1) ≠¤ -x + x^3$ A) I onlyB) II onlyC) III onlyD) I and III onlyE) I, II, and III For questions like these, we should test out our sample numbers, as it can get confusing to use our rules of integer behaviors with complex problems such as these. So for option I, let use our test numbers of -1, 0, and 1. $-1^3 = (-1)(-1)(-1) = -1$ $(1)^3$ = $1^3 = (1)(1)(1) = 1$ -1 is NOT greater than +1. This automatically eliminates option I. And by eliminating option I, we can eliminate answer choices A, D, and E right away. Now let's look at choice II with our same test numbers. ${(-1)^3}/{-1} = {(-1)(-1)(-1)}/{-1} = {-1}/{-1} = 1$ ${(-1)^2}/{-1} = {(-1)(-1)}/{-1} = {1}/{-1} = -1$ 1 -1. This means that option II works so far when we use a negative number. So let's try it with our positive number, 1. $1^3/1 = {(1)(1)(1)}/1 = 1/1 = 1$ $1^2/1 = {(1)(1)}/ 1 = 1/1 = 1$ 1 = 1. So option II still works. Lastly, we should test if the equation still works with 0. $0^3/0 = 0$ $0^2/0 = 0$ Option II works for all answer choices, so our final answer is B, II only. Because we know that option I does not work, we have eliminated all other answer choices. But if you want to make absolutely sure you did not make a mistake somewhere, you can test out option III as well. $-1(-1 + 1) = 0$ $-(-1) + (-1)^3 = 1 + (-1)(-1)(-1) = 1 + -1 = 0$ $0 = 0$ The two are equal, which means that option III works so far. Now let's try it with 1. $1(1 + 1) = 2$ $-1 + 1^3 = -1 + (1)(1)(1) = -1 + 1 = 0$ $2 0$ When we used a positive number, the equation was incorrect. This means that answer choice C is eliminated and our choice of B has been confirmed to be the only correct answer. #3: If the problem asks you to find the answer to long calculations, use your rules that you learned above or test it out with smaller numbers. $a, b, c, d, e, f$ are odd integers such that $a b c d e f$. Which statement(s) must be true? I. $abcdef$ is odd II. $a + b + c + d + e + f$ is odd III. $a(b + c + d + e + f)$ is odd A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and III only E. I, II, and III Now you can approach this problem in one of two ways: by using your number rules or by using your own numbers. First, let's use our number rules to test option I. We know that each letter represents an odd integer and that the product of an odd number and another odd number is an odd number. Because an odd * an odd will always be odd, we know that option I is true. This means we can also eliminate answer choices B and C. Now let's look at option II. We know that an odd number + an odd number = an even number. We also know that an even number + an even number = an even number. So if we split $a + b + c + d + e + f$ into pairs of numbers, we'll have $(a + b) + (c + d) + (e + f)$. We know that each pair of numbers will have an even sum, so we're left with: an even number + an even number + an even number, which will give us an even final result. So option II is incorrect. This means we can eliminate answer choice E. Finally, let's look at option III. As we saw before, when we have six odd numbers (in other words, an even number of odd numbers), the sum will be even. Now, our parenthesis holds five (an odd number) of odd numbers, and an even number + an odd number = an odd number. So we know the number in the parenthesis will be odd. We also know that an odd number ($a$) * an odd number (the sum of $b, c, d, e, f$) = an odd number. So option III is correct. This means that our final answer is D, I and III only. The other way you could solve this problem would be to test out these rules with small numbers and extrapolate to find the larger answer. In other words, use small numbers in place of the variables. So for option I, if you didn't know an odd * an odd = an odd, you could replace $a$and $b$with the numbers 5 and 3. $5 * 3 = 15$, so you know that an odd * an odd = an odd number, no matter how many times you multiply it. So option I is correct. For option II, again test it out with smaller numbers. $7 + 5 = 12$, and $7 + 5 + 3 = 15$. So you know that adding odd numbers an even number of times gets you an even answer and adding odd numbers an odd number of times gets you an odd answer. There are six odd numbers, so the final answer must be even. Option II is incorrect. Taking what you learned by testing option II, you know that adding odd numbers an even number of times gets you an odd answer. And, taking what you learned from testing option I, you know that an odd number * an odd number = an odd number. This means your final answer must be odd, so option III is correct. This means the final answer is D, I and III only. Always remember that there are several ways to solve integer problems. So use real numbers and don't give up if it looks too complicated. The Take-Aways Simply by understanding what an integer is, you will be able to solve many SAT questions. Integer questions are often fairly straightforward if you know what numbers are included in the definition of an "integer" and which are not. If you remember to experiment with your own numbers when presented with the more abstract SAT questions and pay attention to when you must use integers and when you’re free to use any number, you will be able to solve most of the basic SAT integer questions. For the more advanced integer concepts- absolute values, exponents, etc.- be sure to check out our advanced guide to SAT integers. What's Next? Now that you’ve learned about what integers are, you may want to check out the advanced guide to SAT integers where we will go through absolute values, prime numbers, and exponents (among other concepts). Make sure that you also have a solid understanding of all the SAT math formulas you're both given and not given. Running out of time on SAT math? Check out our article on how to buy yourself those extra precious seconds and minutes and complete your SAT math problems before time’s up. Feeling overwhelmed? Start by figuring out your ideal score and check out how to improve a low SAT math score. Already have pretty good scores and looking to get a perfect 800? Check out our article on how to get a perfect score written by a perfect SAT-scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Crimonology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Crimonology - Essay Example The main purpose of this program is to reduce congestion in the court by allowing some of the suspects to be tried when operating from outside the confinement of remand. I do find the program much effective given the fact that some of the offences are categorized as petty offences and do not threaten the societal order. These categories of people following a compelling instigation from the officers should indeed be allowed to resume to the society pending trial, as this will reduce unnecessary congestion as proposed in the program (Siegel 122). It can be said to be an alternative court, if one goes through the system, they are no longer required to be tried in court. Whereas the program cushions one to avoid criminal charges by the court, when one fails to comply with the requirements of the program as stipulated it may revert to a full criminal trial. When those who have gone through the system are involved in criminal offences in the future, the criminal record following diversion can still be used to account for a criminal history of a convict. Under the diversion program, the offenders are suppose to complete a program that is aimed at; education them on the need to uphold law and order in order to avert future criminal activities, victims restitution, community service hours, and restraining coming to contact with other people are some of the programs under diversion (Liebmann 113). I do find the process equally effective in the administration of justice, a part from reducing the time needed for arbitration in court; the suspect pleads guilty and serves certain mandatory programs as said above. During this period, the offenders are also prepared for rehabilitation, for example in the program they are made to appreciate upholding law and order in their future life. The willingness of the offenders to serve alternative sanctions is dependent on many factors; if the offenders feel that they have

Relationships and Connections of Variables Research Paper

Relationships and Connections of Variables - Research Paper Example Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. The literature offers a myriad of information yielded by various researches on human relationships. Concepts on a wide spectrum from physiological responses to romantic relationships, emotions that are manifested during romances, social implications or consequences of engaging in romantic relationships, and perceptions and viewpoints that are attempted to explain some phenomena related to romance have been analyzed and discussed in the paper. Studies on romance include research conducted by social scientists, which unearthed evidence of physiological responses manifested by heightened hormones in new romances of Dr. Donatella Marazitti and Helen Fisher. Rule of thumb in writing is that you do not use the same word twice in a sentence. One such study is that of adolescents who have become popular subjects/ participants in researches on conceptualization and expectations in romantic relationships... Feiring conducted interviews with adolescents with outcome results that indicated romantic partner selection in late adolescence and early adulthood is initiated due to of stimulus characteristics, such as desirable personality and physical attractiveness. In the adolescents’ reports, physical attraction to a prospective romantic partner is expressed as finding the person cute, pretty or handsome, rather than in terms of sexuality (e.g. a good kisser). As the relationship progresses, common interests and interpersonal compatibility becomes essential. (Conger, Cui, Bryant, and Elder conducted a longitudinal study that examined the effects of family influences on adolescents’ romantic behavior in their early adult life.  

Gobi Fund Essay Example for Free

Gobi Fund Essay Why is it difficult to establish a new fund? Why is track record so important in fund raising? The main concern is to convince the investors to invest their money in Gobi. Therefore, it is necessary to raise a rational-sized fund. To raise a new fund is not an easy thing to do as everything including the fund structure, team, approach, LP base, and amount of capital have to be defined appropriately. The general partners also need to contribute their own money in order to convince the investors to invest together with them. The track record is very important in fund raising because if Gobi has a good track record, more investors will be interested to invest in it. Q2. Prepare a SWOT analysis for Gobi Fund II proposal in the context of venture capital fundraising. Gobi operates in an area where there is a lot of pent up demand (IT and digital media). * Gobi can acts like a bridge for western LPs to invest in Chinese companies. It is difficult to raise a new fund and if Gobi do not really have a good track record, it will become harder to gain the investors trust in order to raise the new funds. May have the advantage in acquiring a higher return from investment in the IT and media market since they already invest in that industry during the early stage. Meaning that they already have the experiences in investing in IT industry, therefore, may not become a problem to earn a high return. What are the keys to raising the second fund and how large should it be? There is no definite answer in this question as they could be changing depends on the situations. The planning horizons may take between 7 to 10 years or maybe longer than that because of a lack of infrastructure and development in the industry. The fund size may be between $100 million to $200 million allowing around $2 million to $5 million for each company. The subsequent funds should be of similar size or larger as the industry grows. Gobi wants the first close at $75 million. The key is whether to include more financial LPs or not. Q4. From the perspective of a potential LP, what are your choices when funding international focused VC funds? Would you fund Gobi? Gobi has never exited from an investment before, and there is high level of risks involved in the development of early stage IT companies as well as huge risks that may impede company development and growth. However, Gobi operates in an area where there is a lot of pent up demand (IT and digital media) and Gobi can acts like a bridge for western LPs to invest in Chinese companies. It may be a good choice to invest in it if it offers a rational return considerate with the level of high risks involved.

Order, Disorder and Imagination in John Buck’s Sculptures :: Art Essays

Order, Disorder and Imagination in John Buck’s Sculptures There is always a first impression, a first glance seeping through the corner of your eye. When passing by one can’t help but to notice the overwhelming presence of John Buck’s freestanding sculptures which stand in front of the Gallery. I find myself overwhelmed by both the size and the boldness by which these sculptures speak. Their organized structural nature combines a variety of ideas from branches, birdhouses to molecular structures and globes, and in the middle of it all stands the ringing human form. Initially, the forms and elements I saw in these sculptures impressed me but their composition did not challenge or stimulate my curiosity. So I kept up with the flow of traffic and continued on walking by. I couldn’t quite figure out why I had an aversion to these sculptures. It wasn’t until I started to break down the elements of these sculptures and take a closer look within the walls of the gallery that my first impression faded and a new aur a of his work came into being. A have found an appreciation for both his ways of making and the perceptions he presents. I am a big fan of wood carving, so I am thoroughly impressed by John Buck’s carvings of both his sculptures and woodblock prints. I appreciate the details of his work for instance the visibility of the chip carving and the control he has over the bends of the wood. I am curious to know the techniques he uses to get these details and his methods to making them. I read that John Buck uses a special kind of wood called jelutong. The artist said about working with wood, â€Å" There is an automatic and direct relationship between the nature of the wood and how I am able to work with it†¦In the carving of wood there is a physical activity that is more about nature in the making –not just the concept of the image, but the actual making, is connected to nature.† His connection to nature and the environment go beyond his use of wood as a medium, but are explicit in the stories he tells. In the lecture ‘Pillar to Pole’, Bruce Gunter commented on three forces which he found impacted Buck’s art work, these being: Midwest roots, environmental degradation and relationships to humanity.

African Childbirth Traditions

In the majority of African communities birth is a meaning-laden event both for the parents and the community as a whole. Children are viewed as a blessing from God.   However, despite this, very little preparation will be made prior to the birth itself as it is believed that performing acts such as naming a child, buying clothes or preparing food is overly optimistic.For this reason pregnancy will not be mentioned until the point at which it becomes noticeable.   In addition to this, the women themselves will continue to work throughout their pregnancy as this is deemed a sign of their strength and suitability for motherhood. Hot mustard will not be eaten during pregnancy as it is widely believed that it can cause the mother to miscarry.Warm foods, however, will be consumed due to beliefs that they assist with the healing process after the birth of the child.   Many women will refrain from taking vitamins or other supplements during their pregnancy as they believe that such nut ritional supplements will cause the baby to grow larger and thus make delivery more painful.In African society the birth itself will generally take place in the house of the parents, or, in the case of the first born child, the house of the Mother’s or Father’s parents.   In some communities there are special birthing houses that are created for the purpose of childbirths but these are relatively rare.Although, in some cases, a trained specialist will usually deliver the baby it is not uncommon for an elderly woman or traditional healers to act as a midwife.   This can threaten the health of both the mother and the baby and concerns over this tradition are well documented.During the labor stage of delivery men are not allowed in the room.   The woman will generally give birth in a squat position or on a birthing stool surrounded by her close friends and family who will burn incense and drink fresh coffee.In some African communities the mother will be permitted so me pain relief during the later stages of delivery and this will generally be administered in the form of herbal remedies.   However, many people in Africa view pain as a compulsory part of giving birth and view it as a reminder of their basic human weakness.Many women treat childbirth as a test of their own self worth and will refrain from crying out in pain during the process in order to retain dignity and moral virtue.

Family Law Reflecting Moral and Ethical Issues

The legal system continuously endeavours and reforms to provide effective legislative remedies and modify existing legislation to reflect the changing nature of the Australian family structure. Family law has always been a colossal aspect of Australian society with many effective measures in place for family matters. Numerous values and their effectiveness have been debated through various features of family law, and these debates continue to the present day. Divorce is the legal dissolution of a marriage by an official court decision and was once frowned upon within society, and prior to 1974, married couples who wished to divorce had to apply under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1959 (Cth) on the ground of â€Å"fault† – that is, on the basis that one or both spouses admitted to acting in a way that undermined their marriage (for example, adultery, cruelty, insanity and desertion). However, the first major change to family law in Australia occurred when the law took reform in this aspect with the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), which states that the only ground for divorce is the â€Å"irretrievable breakdown of the marriage†, such as the case in the marriage of Todd (1976), one or two of the spouses must consent for divorce. The declining influence of religion and the idea that marriage does not always â€Å"last for life† were social factors that influenced this change. The erosion of the concept of fault and the establishment of a single ground for divorce thus demonstrates changing societal values and how law is changed over time. Australian society believes that it is important to protect the disadvantaged, or those who cannot act to preserve their own rights – particularly children. After a marriage has been dissolved, it is the responsibility of both parents to provide financial support for their children as the case of Campbell and Campbell (1998) established that it is in the best interests of the child to maintain the lifestyle to which they have grown accustomed. The Australian Bureau of Statistics Marriages and Divorces 2011 Media release indicates there are 44,000 children under 18 affected by divorce. As such, the Child Support (Assessment) Act 1989 (Cth) requires that children receive a proper level of financial support from their parents and the Child Support (Registration and Collection) Act 1988 (Cth) ensures that periodic amounts payable by parents towards the maintenance of their children are paid on a regular and timely basis. Prior to the Acts, only 40% of claims for child maintenance were being met, whereas after the Acts were passed, approximately 70% of claims are being met. The new emphasis on children’s rights and parental responsibility reflects the social perception that children are vulnerable members of our society and thus require greater legal protection. Another important change in social attitudes has been the increasing acceptance of same-sex relationships, and recent law reforms have centred on providing same-sex couples with the same rights as de facto heterosexual relationships, and removing discrimination based on sexuality. At the State level, the De Facto Relationships Act 1984 (NSW) was amended to the Property (Relationships) Act 1984 (NSW), for the growing acceptance of heterosexual and homosexual relationships highlighted by news article ‘Partners who just can’t wait (2010)‘ which states the growth in unmarried couples living together. It now recognises same-sex relationships as having the same legal standing as heterosexual de facto relationships, and thus provides protection to people in same-sex de facto relationships in property division, inheritance and decision-making in illness and after death. The Miscellaneous Acts Amendment (Same Sex Relationships) Bill 2008 (NSW) creates amendments to 57 pieces of state legislation to ensure de facto couples (including same-sex couples) are treated equally with married couples. This Act also creates amendments to the Anti-discrimination Act 1977 (NSW) to ensure that same-sex couples are protected from discrimination on the basis of their â€Å"marital or domestic status† in employment, accommodation and access to goods and services, articulated in the Daily Telegraph ‘Gay couple win foster care case (2008)’, after a gay couple won $10,000 in damages when their application to become foster carers was refused. However in terms of federal laws at present, same-sex couples are unable to marry. The Marriage Act 1961 (Cth) defines marriage as â€Å"the union of a man and a woman to the exclusion of all others voluntarily entered into for life†, a definition established by the case of Hyde v Hyde and Woodmansee (1866) and repeated in the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). In 2004, the Commonwealth Government reconfirmed the traditional concept of marriage as the â€Å"union of a man and a woman† when it passed the Marriage Amendment Act 2004 (Cth) meaning same-sex marriage is automatically void in Australia, ncluding overseas marriages. Over time, both State and federal governments in Australia have enacted legislation to encourage and enforce practices which are not only in the public interest, but also reflect the moral and ethical standards of society. While legislative mechanisms have been reasonably successful in achieving this goal with regard to the introduction of â€Å"no-fault† divorce and the protection of children, there is the need for further review and reform of legislation concerning same-sex couples.

Indian Tourism Industry Essay Example

Indian Tourism Industry Essay Example Indian Tourism Industry Essay Indian Tourism Industry Essay Indian Tourism Industry The Indian Tourism Industry Forecast focuses on different parameters of tourism industry including: inbound tourism, outbound tourism, expenditure by inbound tourists, and medical tourism in India. It also helps clients to analyze the opportunities and factors critical to the success of tourism industry in India. In India, inbound tourist expenditure per head is third highest in the world and even more than global average tourist spending. India has been promoting its healthcare tourism by providing the visitors with private healthcare facilities. It is expected that the number of tourists visiting India for the purpose of medical treatment will reach one Million by 2012, representing a CAGR of 28. 09% from 2007. Disposable income in past (during 2001-2006) grew at a CAGR of 10. 11%, thereby driving domestic as well as outbound tourism. Room rent accounts for more than 50% of revenue earned by Indian hotel industry. Indian outbound tourist flow is expected to increase at a CAGR of 12. 79% over the five-year period spanning 2007-2011. Tourist influx to India is expected to increase at a CAGR of 22. 65% between 2007 and 2011. India’s share in global tourism is expected to reach 1. 5% by 2010. Key Issues and Facts Analyzed What is the current state of tourism industry in India? What are the emerging trends in the tourism sector in India? What is the future outlook of the tourism industry in India in terms of inbound as well as outbound tourism, and expenditure by inbound and outbound tourists? Which factors are driving the India tourism industry? Hotel industry scenario in India? Hotel industry occupancy rate and room supply by 2011 This highlights only the synopsis of the Indian tourism industry. **

3 Cases When Hyphenation Doesnt Help

3 Cases When Hyphenation Doesnt Help 3 Cases When Hyphenation Doesn’t Help 3 Cases When Hyphenation Doesn’t Help By Mark Nichol Writers are often confused by the complexity of hyphenation rules, mistakenly omitting them when their presence would help clarify meaning and inserting them when they’re superfluous. The decision about whether to use them can be further complicated in sentences in which it would be technically correct but aesthetically inadvisable to use them. Three examples, each followed by discussion and revision, demonstrate a few sentences in which recasting a sentence to avoid hyphens is preferable to using them. 1. They can lean toward easier-to-maintain, off-the-shelf server, network, and storage gear. Hyphenation of the phrasal adjectives â€Å"easier to maintain† and â€Å"off the shelf,† both of which modify the phrase â€Å"server, network, and storage gear† is correct, but the double dose of multiple hyphenation, complicated by the fact that the phrases modify a phrase rather than a single word, clutters the sentence. Relaxing the statement as shown here improves readability: â€Å"They can lean toward off-the-shelf server, network, and storage gear that is easier to maintain.† 2. The company’s conversation about buying a brand can evolve into a mergers and acquisitions (MA)-type dialogue. Identifying a term’s abbreviation within parentheses immediately after the first reference to the term when the abbreviation will be used in place of the term in subsequent references is standard procedure, but when the term is modified by a word attached to it with a hyphen, the intervening parenthesis is intrusive. Again, sentence relaxation is a simple solution: â€Å"The company’s conversation about buying a brand can evolve into a dialogue similar to that regarding mergers and acquisitions (MA).† (Also, technically, temporarily disregarding the parenthesis, an en dash should replace the hyphen in the original sentence to signal that type is being attached not just to acquisitions but to the entire phrase â€Å"mergers and acquisitions†: â€Å"The company’s conversation about buying a brand can evolve into a mergers and acquisitions–type dialogue.†) 3. The next step should be to evaluate the effectiveness of existing practices in customer information collection strategies. Technically, the string of nouns turned adjectives that combine to modify strategies should be hyphenated to signal their teamwork (â€Å"The next step should be to evaluate the effectiveness of existing practices in customer-information-collection strategies†), but that three-car train of adjectives can be avoided by relaxing the sentence: â€Å"The next step should be to evaluate the effectiveness of existing practices in strategies for collecting customer information.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and Toes41 Words That Are Better Than GoodPhrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns

Clothes make the man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Clothes make the man - Essay Example Clothes have always been the most apparent way to display the financial and social well-being of the person who wears them, and theyve been used in these purposes for thousands of years already. Since the beginning of the history of humanity clothes have been the indicator that helped to create an image of the persons status, occupation, and even intelligence and preferred lifestyle without speaking a word to him or her. Up to our times the representatives of some professions can be distinguished from the crowd by their outfit. Clothes are the best way to transfer the desired message to the outer world. Its the great instrument that allows changing social masks as frequently, as it is needed. There is a job interview awaiting you tomorrow, and you want to look like a trusted and qualified professional? Business suit is what you need. A beautiful girl or a handsome man has invited you for a date? Than wear something cute for to create the atmosphere of romance. Pretty skirts or fashionable jeans are the best choice for the party with friends, while the plain sweater and jeans are preferable for the usual day at school, college or at the work place, unless you employer demands some other form of clothing. Clothes are just the instrument that helps you to create this or that impression on people that surround you, and they should be used only for this purpose. Caring too much about clothing is equally unwise as paying no attention to what you are wearing. Like most of the things that exist in our world clothes are nor good neither bad, they can either earn great benefits for the person wearing them or hurt his/her reputation and image in the eyes of his/her surroundings. As youve probably already noticed, there are people in our society who pay lots of attention to their outfits. They spend loads of time for to find and choose the specific items they want to wear and loads of money for to buy them. For

Argument essay for or against the DREAM Act (Development, Relief and

Argument for or against the DREAM Act (Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors) - Essay Example Therefore, they share a lot in common with second generation Americans since for most of their life has been spent in the USA. Having grown up here, they would have little or no attachment to their country of origin. Usually, they are bicultural and sometimes bilingual; however, they speak fluent English (65). A good number do not have an idea they are actually undocumented immigrants. The situation is so until they apply for college or a driver’s license. Once they apply for these legal documents, they realize they do not have Social Security numbers and other documents that are needed. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of the DREAM Act and supports it. The experiences these youths go through can be discouraging. They represent broken dreams, shattered hope and lost ambitions. Since most of them have lived in the U.S almost all their lives, they complete their education here. In school, they take roles of athletes, valedictorians, class presidents and honor roll students (Perez 115). They are aspired to be teachers, doctors, scientists and engineers like all other children in America. However, the fact that they are documented immigrants, their lives change dramatically. Their day-to-day lives took a completely different course and their futures are no longer certain. They can neither work nor vote. As a matter of fact, something as ordinary as driving is a pleasure they cannot enjoy. At times, some are deported to a country they do not know at all. They are a direct result of economic and political significance. Sadly, only about 5-10% of these undocumented young high school graduates make it to college (110). This is usually because they cannot afford to pay their tuition or because they are not allowed to enroll. Typically, they do not even finish high school and thus end up in gangs and other illegal activities. The Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM Act) has however to the rescue of these helpless high school graduates. The DREAM Act offers a pathway for them to attain legal status for undocumented high school graduates every year. The DREAM Act was introduced by Representative Howard Berman and Senator Richard Durbin on May 11th, 2011. Today, the DREAM Act has 2 co-sponsors in the House and an overwhelming 32 in the Senate. Organizations from States in the United including California, Kentucky, Oklahoma and New York have come together in order to support the DRAM act (American Immigration Council). Many undocumented students and their classmates as well as teachers have met up with their members of congress, held rallies, sent letters and even staged hunger strikes in the hopes of making this act a reality. In June 2010, an undocumented student who studies in Harvard was held in detention. After this incident, Harvard president Drew Faust stated that these children need to be given a chance to pursue their post secondary education in their country. The DREAM act has more advantages than disadvanta ges. The DREAM act will boost the economy of the United States as well as the labor in the US. Additionally, the Act will jumpstart the process to citizenship (American Immigration Council). This will be a huge investment on human capital and service to the US. Since DREAM act beneficiaries are all high school graduates, it means that they will get decent jobs. This way, there will be more taxable income in the country and thus in return more revenue for the government. On average a college graduate earns $750,000 throughout their lifetime more than the high school graduate (American Immigration Council). In addition, the Dream Act allows talented individuals to remain in the United States (Arnold 95).

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 18

Business Ethics - Essay Example Business is a system of moral doctrines applied in the commercial world. Business ethics is a whole new scientific area since it merges politics and law theory as much as historical documents and philosophical. Ethics becomes a term rely on flexible and have several different aspects. It gives rules for acceptable behavior by business in both their day-to-day operations and strategy formulation (Shaw, 2008). An ethical approach is becoming essential both for business success and a positive corporate image, and this is easily enhanced through various Judeo-Christian values and biblical doctrines. Especially nowadays ethics in the organization are obligated since many businessmen are only fascinated in making money despite the harm they would probably cause to people, the ethical costs environmental pollution. Many businesses in contemporary society are making public commitment and pledge to ethical business by designing codes of conduct and operating standards the truth is Judeo-Chris tian values and biblical doctrines should be their main basis. Judeo-Christian values and biblical doctrines incorporate the common ethical guidelines of Christianity and Judaism, such as the Ten Commandments. It has been an essential part of U.S civil religion and is often used to enhance inter-religious cooperation and basis for business ideologies. It covers the common ethical standards of Judaism and Christianity, such as the Ten Commandments. It has been a segment of American civil religion and is used to promote inter-religious cooperation (Shaw, 2008).Judeo-Christian values and biblical doctrines emphatically teach in clarity the great importance of the preservation of human life and respect. This should form the basis of the business ethics and can help foster good relation. If business does not grant this respect and protection for the born and unborn in their operations then

The Fundamentalism And Caste Conflict Phenomenons Religion Essay

The Fundamentalism And Caste Conflict Phenomenons Religion Essay Fundamentalism and Casteism are considered as two different phenomenons. Whereby both these terminologies have been approached probably as different issues lying in the present Indian scenario. Conflict, as well, seems to be considered as the outcome of these issues. However, there is an attempt made in this paper to find out firstly, what fundamentalism means, secondly how fundamentalism becomes the base for Casteism; thirdly how Casteism paved the way for different conflicts; and finally, this paper deals with the Pastoral Response from the Pastoral Care and Counselling perspective to the caste conflict situation, which emerged from fundamentalism. Though Fundamentalism itself has the wide range of definition and yet not confined to a particular definition, in order to limit the scope of this paper, the definition of the term Fundamentalism is narrowed down to the foundational understanding of the Caste System. Nevertheless, this paper tries to interact with these isms from their b asic understanding and what upshot they have brought to the society. 1. Fundamentalism What does it mean? Fundamentalism is the practice of following very strictly the basic rules and teachings of any religion defines Oxford Advance learners Dictionarys seventh edition. Steven Jones, a research scholar from Virginia University describes that the term fundamentalism was initiated in the series of booklets authored and published by leading Evangelical churchmen in US between 1910 and 1915. However, the term was given full strength in 1920 after Curtis Lee Laws appropriated the term `fundamentalist as a designation for those who were ready to do battle royal for the Fundamentals.' M.M.Thomas comments, These booklets opposed the application of modern critical historical approach to the bible and the traditional dogmas of Christianity, because in their opinion, it would destroy their supranatural and supernatural elements which belong to their very essence. Though the definition of this term has wide range of meaning, yet a fundamentalist is reckoned as the strict follower of a particular religions teachings and its beliefs. James Barr states Fundamentalism is based on a particular kind of religious tradition, and uses the form, rather than reality, of biblical authority to provide a shield for this tradition. Even, Bruce Lawrence in his book Defenders of God defines fundamentalism as: The affirmation of religious authority as holistic and absolute, admitting of neither criticism nor reduction; it is expressed through the collective demand that specific creedal and ethical dictates derived from the scriptures be publicly recognized and legally enforced. David Frawley views that, Fundamentalists generally hold to their religions older social customs and refuse to integrate into the broader stream of modern society which recognizes freedom of religious belief. In agreement to this statement, Dr.Ramendra identifies, fundamentalism means be lief in  the literal truth of religious scriptures and fundamental religious beliefs of any religion. For Altmeyer and Hunsinger fundamentalism is the belief that there is one set of religious teachings that clearly contains the fundamental, basic, intrinsic, essential, inerrant truth about humanity and deity; that this essential truth is fundamentally opposed by forces of evil which must be vigorously fought; that this truth must be followed today according to the fundamental, unchangeable practices of the past; and that those who believe and follow these fundamental teachings have a special relationship with the deity. As a whole, though the term fundamentalism is widely used with different connotations, still it cannot be denied that the term basically used with religious notion and it stands for it till today whether stand for inerrancy of truth or militancy in its outlook. M.M.Thomas, Citing V.M.Tarkhundess statement, says Fundamentalism consists of uncritical adherence to an cient beliefs and practices. On the other hand, Fundamentalism is probably viewed as the counter institution to Liberalism, Modernism and Secularism. The fundamentalist movement tries to preserve what it considers the basic ideas of Christianity against criticism by liberal theologians. Fundamentalism designates what is more generally called a conservative type of Christian thought, as opposed to the liberal or modernist tendencies. M.M.Thomas states It may also arise from the insecurity of faith when its religious expressions are faced with the necessity to change.and Fundamentalism emerged out of reaction to closed secularism Erskine Clarke utters that Fundamentalists resist secularisation and the cultural elements of modernity Accordibng to Marsden, an American fundamentalist is an evangelical who is militant in opposition to liberal theology in the churches or to changes in cultural values or mores, such as those associated with secular humanism. In his note, he says, in recent years been applied by analogy to any militantly traditional religion, such as Islamic fundamentalism. M.M.Thomas opines, It is justifiable to characterise as fundamentalist similar movements in any religion which buttress traditional beliefs and social order from reform or change Over all, Fundamentalism can be defined as strictly following of religious beliefs and traditions as well as it is a counter attitude against modernity which hails secularism and liberalism. With this definition, let us move on to analyse the caste system in India. 2. Caste: Does it emerge from Fundamentalism? On its outlook, everyone would say that Caste system is probably not an outcome of Fundamentalism because both of them are different issues. Whereby, in this paper an argument is proposed that Casteism in India is one of the fruits of Fundamentalism. Though Caste System itself has the attitude of fundamentalism, the primary focus of this paper is how Casteism can be the victim of fundamentalism. There were many who fought like B.R.Ambedkar, Periyar, Jothiba Phule and Panditha Ramambai for the eradication of this canker system, hence it still rules the Indian society because of its deep roots in the Indian Soil. In order to substantiate the argument, it is good to view the definition and origin of the Caste system in India. The word caste, which is of Spanish and Portuguese origin, is derived from Latin Castus which means pure. However, the Portuguese word casta means breed, race or kind. It seems that the word was used by the Portuguese to denote Indian social classification says Bal Krishna Sharma. Seligman describes caste as an endogamous and hereditary subdivision of an ethnic unit occupying a position of superior or inferior rank or social esteem in comparison with other such subdivision. Nesfield and Sir H.Risley also support this view. Ketkar defines caste as (1) membership is confined to those who are born of members and includes all persons so born; (2) the members are forbidden by an inexorable social law to marry outside the group. Thus, caste is a stratified system in which each segment has its identity with a common name, origin and strictly specified inter-group relations. Each group is endogamous, traditionally following an occupation and enjoying a particular postion in the social hierar chy, built around the opposition of purity and pollution. The groups are localised, but keep social distance between them. However, Casteism arises out of Hindu philosophy and becomes the beacon of the unique identity of the Hindu Society. Oxford Dictionary defines as any of the four main division of the Hindu society, originally than made according to function in the society. T.K.Oomen states, What is unique to India is the all pervasive Caste hierarchy, legitimised through the Hindu doctrine of Karma and reincarnation. P.K.Kar elucidates that the beginning of Caste system is in the Hindu philosophy of four varnas. Ambrose Pinto cites Ambedkars view that the sanction behind the caste system is the religious sanction, for, the caste as the new form of varna system derives its sanction from the Vedas which form the sacred books of the Hindu religion and which are infallible. I say unfortunately because anything, which has a religious sanction, becomes by virtue of it sacred and eternal. To the Hindu, caste is sacred and caste is eternal. Max Weber Cited by Toppo states, Caste, that is, the ritual and righ ts and duties it gives and imposes, and the position of the Brahmans, is the fundamental institution of Hinduism. Before everything else, without caste there is no Hindu. Thus, the caste system in India belongs to Hindu Philosophy which emerges from Vedas and Upanishads. Whereas this system is cemented by the code of Manu, called Manava Dharma Shastra or Manusmirti. Dr.Ramendra says, According to Manusmriti, anybody who argues critically and logically about  dharmashastras ought to be ostracized. With the above information, let us now look at the similarities between Fundamentalism and Casteism. Basically, both these isms consider the religious beliefs, teachings, and tradition as their base. Another aspect is their strong opposition to modernism. While modernism supports liberalism and secularism, the caste system in India can witness its strong roots in the Indian Soil. For which, the recent issues like Honour Killing, the atrocities against Dalits and the demand for caste base census all show the very fact that though India achieves many things with modernity, yet is under the strong bondage of Casteism. Dr.K.S.Jacob states, While the secular, socialistic and democratic principles enshrined in the constitution demand equality of outcomes, the inherent caste-related inequality continues to dominate reality in Indian society. M.M.Thomas claims ,Purity and impurity ideas were the religious foundation of caste and it is the return to it by the middle class for spiritual and ec onomic stability that makes their shift from secularism to hindutva. It is painful to note the caste embracement is not only of Hinduism, but also it has its strong footage in Isalam and Christianity too in the recent past. One may probably question, why such evil system in these religions? The answer drawn by Koilaparampil when talking about Caste among Christians, he states the rank of the Christian in the local community continues to depend on the Caste from which he was converted and this persists to the third and forth generation. As M.M.Thomas states Fundamentalism consists of uncritical adherence to ancient beliefs and practices may probably support this notion when we compare Caste among Christian and Fundamentalism. As Caste is considered important for identification, may also support the above view. Finally both these issues may Probably lead towards conflict or violence. The recent murder in Khairlanji, a village in Maharashtra depicts the picture of the caste systems rule yet in Indian soil. Thus, Casteism can probably consider as the fruit of fundamentalism and this leads to the present day Caste conflicts. 3. Conflict Etymologically the term conflict is derived from con-fligere (Latin) denoting to strike together. It implies fight, clash, sharp or mild disagreement or even antagonism. Rachel Bagh cites William W.Wilmot and Joyce L.Hockers definition conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce, resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals. Alan C.FIlley defines conflict as a process which takes place between two or more parties. By parties he refers to individuals, groups, or organizations. Whereby, he explains, Within our various social relationships are some which involve real or perceived differences between two or more parties. Where the interests of the parties are mutually exclusive that is, where the gain of one partys goal is at the cost of the others, or where the parties have different values- then the resulting social interaction between the parties contains fertile ground for conflict. Accordi ng to Lewis A.Coser, conflict is a struggle over values or claims of status, power and scarce resources, in which the aims of the conflicting parties are not only to gain the desired values but also to neutralize, injure or eliminate their rivals. Such conflicts may take place between individuals and between collectivities. Intra group as well as inter group conflicts are perennial feature of social life. B.J.Prashantham states Incompatible goals and means of achieving them can lead conflicts in inter-personal relations as would, differences in perception, communication styles, personality differences, personal interests and ideology. Thus, Maria Arul Raja comments, Whenever human agency is alive and active, they appear rather clearly, in a positive or negative manner. Conflict, thus. Can be defined as the struggle between two persons or parties aiming at some goal to achieve. Conflict is categorised under four divisions; they are intra-personal, inter-personal, intra-group and inter-group. Intra-Personal It is conflict within a person. Murry states that according to psychologists there is a crowd in each of us. For which he elucidates, there is a conflict between the spending self and saving self of a person when he received money. For him, Sigmund Freuds theory of a person as a composite of three forces (the Id, the Ego, the Super-Ego) each with different wishes and standards and Eric Bernes theory of a person as a composite of three different ego-states (Parent ego, Adult ego, and Child ego) with three different attitudes to life and the environment, are the best witnesses for explaining intra personal conflict. Inter-Personal This is a conflict between two individuals. Each person has different needs, values system, a world view and wants. When people with these differing dispositions meet, they clash. The difference may further widen by difference in sex, race, class and creed and social conflict becomes inevitable. Intra-Group and Inter-Group Inter-group and even intra-group conflict can arise due to differences in goals, values, loyalties and heritage. Race, region, creed, nationalities, and ideologies are among the factors causing inter-group conflicts. Members of different groups develop inter-group loyalties and perceive the other groups with disinterest, prejudice, and antagonism. Therefore, conflict arises in any one form of the above. It is important to note that a persons behaviour may affect his personality as well as others. Alfred Adler states that a man is motivated primarily by social urges. Behaviourist therapy considers outward behaviours are the result of faulty, maladaptive learning from the environment. So, conflict in the inter personal or inter group level may spring out because of the intra personal conflict. Besides, for the interpersonal conflicts, P.K.Kar narrates, lower castes in India who are disabled from the social, economic, educational and religious viewpoint, most often become aware of their position and resent oppression and discrimination by higher castes. This change in the outlook of the lower castes culminates in inter caste conflicts. The Khairlanji Murder is the best example of this cause. Another present reality issue in the Indian scenario is Honour killings. This issue is the reaction to inter-caste marriages is much stronge r and violent when the girl marries a dalit or into a lower caste than her own, Says Times of India. Knowing the fact that the Caste is one of the sources of conflict, now we move on to the next section where we can draw some useful responses to resolve the conflict from the Pastoral Care and Counselling perspective. 4. A Pastoral Response to Caste Conflict Pastoral Care and Counselling in the words of William A.Clebsch and Charles R.Jackle is defined as a helping act, done by representative Christian persons, directed towards the healing, sustaining, guiding, and reconciling of troubled persons whose troubles arise in the context of ultimate meanings and concerns. Thus, a Pastor or a Christain counsellor is the one who helps people in times of their trouble. For which, C.W.Bristar expresses, the Churchs ministry is personal and social, ranging from individual salvation and guidance to mutual support and social welfare. Rachel Bagh refers that we are called to the ministry of reconciliation/peacemaking (2Cor. 5:17-20). So, the role of the Counsellor in the conflict resolution is crucial and necessary in order to help persons to liberate from the bondage of Conflict. Probably, there may be diverse opinions and suggestion for the conflict resolution, hence hereby some pastoral responses are placed knowingly the limitation of this paper. Preparation of the Counsellor In order to have a fruitful reconciliation ministry, the preparation of the Counsellor is crucial. For which Augsburger suggests that the mediators seek progressively sharpen their basic skills of empathy, active listening, sensitivity to needs of parties, sense of timing, verbal and non-verbal communication skills, capacity to maintain neutrality while remaining in contact, and ability to understand the stages of negotiation and conflict resolution. Along with this, Rachel Bagh suggests that the mediator should be trustworthy and confidential. Besides, the counsellor need to sense the presence of Holy Spirit and can probably utilise religious recourses (like Prayer, Scripture and etc.) and Religious symbols (Theological symbols like Grace, forgiveness, Atonement and so on) in the counselling process. Thus, the preparation of the counsellor is necessary before the counselling process starts in caste conflict resolution. Preparation of the Counselee Preparing for Acceptance Acceptence is the basic aspect in conflict resolution. Conflict arise when one person thinks that he is superior. Both Fundamentalism and caste sytem have the attitude of Superiority. Whereby others those who dont follow the norms of the fundamentalists are considered as the enemies of fundamentalism. This attitude creates conflict. The inferior attitude of oneself leads to inferiority complex, aggression, fear, anxiety and so on. This postulates the intrapersonal conflict. Whereby, superior attitude leads to interpersonal or inter-group conflict too. The counsellor needs to encourage the client to consider other human as human and should help him/her to respect each other. As Carl Rogers proposes, Unconditional Positive Regard need to be important in resolving the problem. The best example of this acceptance would be Jesus. As Murry states, Christians are the members of the new humanity in Christ whose thoughts and actions are directed by the principles of Christ. Thus, the counsell or helps the client to prepare himself to accept each other. Encouraging for love your Neighbour Another important aspect in conflict resolution is encouraging the client to love other even enemies. Rational emotive Therapy of Albert Ellis highlights irrational beliefs and perception leads to distortion of personality. Both caste system and Fundamentalism imposes hatred rather love with the irrational religious beliefs. For example, Ambrose Pinto in his article Caste conflict in Karnataka, indirectly quotes the major crisis of the conflict in Idapanur is hatred between different castes. However, God expects us to Love others (John 15:12). Murry states that the plain truth about God and the Christians is that God wants the Christians in every situation to love the other humans (even enemies), to forgive the others more than once, to seek also the interests of the others, to do the others as he/she would like to do to him/her. Making a Sense of Reconciliation The conservative concept is that never reconcile with anybody. Fundamentalism is on that line the same way, though many improvements in the society arise, still we hear about caste discrimination and caste biased atrocities. This shows the strength of non-reconciliation. Whereas, conflict resolution hangs on acceptance, Love one another and forgivenss. The spirit of forgiveness leads towards reconciliation. Murry, states that The Christ-event in history is symbolized by the shape of the cross Christ died on the vertical line symbolizing God-human reconciliation accomplished, and the horizontal beam symbolizing the imperative of human-human reconciliation if humans should avail the efficacy of Christs redemption. The cross of Christ reminds us of Gods love, humility, forgiveness, and vicarious death for those who broke His heart should e the reference point for the Christians in dealing with any kind of conflict; personal, communal or global. Ps. 85:10, 2 Cor. 13:11, Rom. 5:1, Eph. 2 :14). Eric Bernes Transactional Analysis explains the three ego states (Parent ego, adult ego, and child ego). According to Murry, The over dependence on either one ego states will result in conflict. So, all these three to some proportions are required in a person. The counselee has to be reminded of forgiving each other and accept each other without comments. Creating the sense of Wholeness Conflict damages the personality. As Fritz Perls views, many personalities as lacking wholeness, as being fragmented and people are often aware of only parts of themselves rather than of the whole self. further he states that the Gestalt therapists assist to discover clients self and mobilize it for greater effectiveness. Fundamentalism and Caste System segregate the human socity and also looks other with negative cannotation. Whereas the prime concern of Christian understanding is to bring back the fragmentd humanity to experience wholeness growth. Liberation is one of the aspect in redeeming wholeness, says Clinebell. However, fundamentalism and Casteism opposes the liberation aspect. But in resolving the conflict, the counsellor need to bring the counslee into the sense of liberation to attain Wholeness. Building the community of Shalom Finally, the pastoral response to Caste conflict as conflict resolution is building the community of peace and harmony. The major hindrance of Fundamentalism and Casteism is their approach with humanity and society. These both compartmentalise the society and break the human relationship. The stratified system of the society on the basis of Law code of Manu, had not only divided the Indian Society but also created enmity. Whwn God creted, he wanted that the creation to live harmoniously. Whereas the present situation goes upside down. However, the conflict resolution needs to build the community not to destroy. Conclusion Fundamentalism is of following strictly the teachings and tradition of a religion. Whereby, the existence of Caste system demonstrates that the root of the Casteism comes from the Indian religious traditions and Hindu philosophy. No one can deny, both these issues are interrelated by their idealogy too after it has been discussed broadly in this paper. Nevertheless, these evil practices not only helped the seeds of conflict to grow but also claimed many lives in order to satisfy its thirst. Hence, the role of a Christian minister or Counsellor is crucial at this juncture. If a Chritian misiter give totally for the sake of building the shalom community, hope the kingdom of God will be rooted on this earth. For concluding this paper, it will probably be worth quoting Dyanchnad Carrs statements. in the cse of local and micro level conflicts the hurt memories do play an important role both in keeping alive the dormant of volcano of resentment and anger as well as in fanning them into fi res of conflagration. We need to do all we can diffuse the situation and bring about a reconciled peace.